汽車漆面修復色差的原因出在哪里？

來源：http://www.philiprobert.com發布時間：2020-11-17 17:32:37

1．問題背景
1. Background
汽車維修企業在進行漆面修復時，即便是根據涂料供應商提供的標準配方進行調色，技師噴涂完成后的比色板，也經常與涂料供應商提供的標準色板存在明顯色差圖1）。根據涂料類型的不同，其差異主要體現在以下方面。
When automobile maintenance enterprises carry out paint repair, even if the color matching is carried out according to the standard formula provided by the coating supplier, the color guide plate after spraying by technician often has obvious color difference with the standard color plate provided by the coating supplier. Fig. 1). According to the different types of coatings, the differences are mainly reflected in the following aspects.
（1）對于素色漆，主要在于色相、明度和彩度（顏色的3個屬性）之間的差異。
(1) For plain paint, the main difference lies in the hue, lightness and chroma (the three attributes of color).
（2）對于金屬漆，主要在于鋁顏料的結構和混合比例、3個觀察角度（直接角度、中間角度和間接角度）下的光澤度以及著色顏料之間的差異。
(2) For metallic paints, it mainly depends on the structure and mixing ratio of aluminum pigment, the gloss at three observation angles (direct angle, intermediate angle and indirect angle) and the difference between colored pigments.
（3）對于珍珠漆，主要在于珍珠顆粒（大小、形狀、閃爍度）、珍珠層的涂裝次數、顏色的3個屬性以及3個觀察角度之間的差異。
(3) For pearl paint, the differences among pearl particles (size, shape, flicker), coating times of nacre layer, color and three observation angles are mainly analyzed.
2．問題分析
2. Problem analysis
首先，汽車制造商所生產的新車，車漆也有可能存在輕微的色差，主要有以下幾種原因。
First of all, there may be slight color difference in the paint of new cars produced by automobile manufacturers, mainly due to the following reasons.
（1）不同批次的原廠配套（OEM）高溫漆的顏色存在差異。
(1) Different batches of OEM high temperature paint have different colors.
（2）涂料粘度、固體份、噴涂場地大小、涂裝機數量、涂裝效率、環境風速等因素的影響。
(2) The influence of coating viscosity, solid content, spraying site size, number of coating machines, coating efficiency, environmental wind speed and other factors.
（3）新車運輸及存放時受環境因素影響，導致顏色產生輕微變化。

(3) During the transportation and storage of new cars, the color changes slightly due to environmental factors.
但是一般來說，涂料供應商提供的標準色板與實車的差距應該在可控范圍之內。
However, generally speaking, the gap between the standard color plate provided by the coating supplier and the actual vehicle should be controlled.
而技師噴涂完成后的調色板與涂料供應商提供的標準色板之間存在色差，有以下原因。
However, there is a color difference between the color palette after spraying and the standard color palette provided by the coating supplier. There are the following reasons.
（1）不同的涂料供應商對于施工工藝的要求有所不同，包括噴涂4要素（角度、移動速度、距離、噴幅）、噴槍設定、噴涂層數及干濕噴等。技師的噴涂操作沒有滿足涂料供應商的施工工藝要求。
(1) Different coating suppliers have different requirements for the construction process, including four spraying elements (angle, moving speed, distance, spraying range), spray gun setting, spraying layer number and dry wet spraying. The technician's spraying operation did not meet the coating supplier's construction process requirements.
（2）調色技師并沒有自調自噴。
(2) The color mixing technician did not adjust the self-regulation.
（3）噴漆房的溫度、濕度及風速不符合要求，對顏色造成影響。
(3) The temperature, humidity and wind speed of the spray booth do not meet the requirements, which will affect the color.
（4）沒有使用與標準板一樣的色板灰度值。
(4) The same gray value of color plate as standard plate is not used.
（5）水性漆色母儲存溫度不符合要求，色母超出了使用期限后出現反粗的現象。
(5) The storage temperature of the color masterbatch of water-based paint does not meet the requirements, and the color masterbatch appears anti coarseness after the service life.
（6）色母沒有攪拌均勻，新色母沒有手動攪拌后再裝上攪拌蓋。
(6) The color masterbatch was not stirred evenly, and the new masterbatch was not stirred manually, and then the mixing cover was installed.
（7）漆料罐注入口處固化的剩余涂料沒有及時處理。
(7) The remaining coating cured at the injection port of paint tank was not treated in time.
8）電子調漆秤沒有水平放置，太多漆垢影響了精度，或者電子調漆秤存在故障。
8) The electronic paint mixing scale is not placed horizontally, too much paint scale affects the accuracy, or the electronic paint mixing scale has fault.
（9）涂料調配的量太少，導致每種色母重量偏差較大。
(9) The amount of coating is too little, which leads to the weight deviation of each color masterbatch.
（10）噴涂比色板時，沒有將比色板固定而是拿在手中隨意噴涂。
(10) When spraying the shade guide, the shade guide is not fixed, but sprayed randomly in the hand.
（11）水性漆噴涂比色板時沒有使用吹風機（文丘里式），導致漆膜表面涂層沒有完全干燥就噴上了清漆。
(11) There is no blower (Venturi type) when spraying the shade guide plate with water-based paint, which results in that the surface coating of the paint film is not completely dry and the varnish is sprayed.
（12）三工序珍珠漆沒有噴涂分色板來確定比色板的噴涂手法及噴涂層數。
(12) There is no color separation plate to determine the spraying method and the number of layers of the color guide plate.
（13）技師計量調色時使用了標準配方以外的色母。
(13) The technician used a color masterbatch other than the standard formula for color matching.
（14）技師噴涂完成后的比色板與標準色板進行比色時，沒有在標準光源下進行。
(14) The color comparison between the color guide plate after spraying and the standard color plate was not carried out under the standard light source.
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