發動機機油在汽車保養中的作用

來源：http://www.philiprobert.com發布時間：2020-12-18 20:45:17

(1)潤滑作用
(1) Lubrication
發動機只要是處于運轉的狀態下，內部機件便會產生摩擦，轉速愈快，摩擦就愈激烈，例如活塞部份，溫度更可高達攝氏兩百多度以上，此時如果沒有機油的存在，溫度便會高到將整個引擎燒掉。機油的第一項功用就是利用油膜覆蓋于引擎內部金屬表面，以減少金屬之間的摩擦阻力。
As long as the engine is running, the internal parts of the engine will have friction. The faster the speed is, the more intense the friction will be. For example, the temperature of the piston can be as high as more than 200 degrees centigrade. At this time, if there is no oil, the temperature will be high enough to burn the whole engine. The first function of engine oil is to use oil film to cover the metal surface inside the engine to reduce the friction resistance between metals.
(2)散熱作用
(2) Heat dissipation
汽車發動機本身的散熱，除了靠冷卻系統以外。機油也是一個重要角色，因為機油會流經引擎內部各處，可帶走機件摩擦產生的熱，而距離冷卻系統較遠的活塞部份，也可經由機油獲得一些冷卻效果。
In addition to the cooling system, the heat dissipation of automobile engine itself depends on the cooling system. Oil also plays an important role, because the oil will flow through all parts of the engine, which can take away the heat generated by the friction of the parts, and the piston part far away from the cooling system can also obtain some cooling effect through the oil.
(3)清潔作用
(3) Cleaning effect

發動機長期運轉產生的碳與燃燒剩下的殘渣，會附著于引擎內部各處，如果未經適當的處理，便會影響引擎的功能尤其這些東西積在活塞環與進、排氣門等處，會產生積碳或黏著性物質，引起不爆震、頓挫不順、耗油加大。這些現象都是引擎的大敵。機油本身具有清凈分散作用，可以不使這些碳與殘渣堆積在引擎內部。讓它們形成小顆粒，而懸浮在機油里。
Carbon and combustion residue from long-term operation of the engine will adhere to all parts of the engine. If it is not properly treated, it will affect the function of the engine. Especially, if these things accumulate on the piston rings, intake and exhaust valves, carbon or adhesive substances will be produced, which will cause no knock, bumping and fuel consumption. These phenomena are the enemy of the engine. The oil itself has the function of cleaning and dispersing, which can prevent the carbon and residue from accumulating in the engine interior. Let them form small particles that are suspended in the oil.
(4)密封作用
(4) Sealing effect
雖然活塞與汽缸壁之間有活塞環來提供密封作用，但因金屬表面并不是非常平整，所以密封程度并不會很完好，假使密封作用不佳，引擎動力必定降低，所以機油可在金屬之間產生薄膜，提供引擎良好的密封作用，提高引擎運轉效率。
Although there is a piston ring between the piston and the cylinder wall to provide sealing effect, because the metal surface is not very flat, the sealing degree will not be very good. If the sealing effect is not good, the engine power will be reduced. Therefore, the oil can produce a film between the metals, providing a good sealing effect for the engine and improving the engine running efficiency.
(5)防蝕、防銹及防凍作用
(5) Anti corrosion, anti rust and anti freezing function
汽車經過一段時間的行駛，機油內或多或少會自然生成具有腐蝕性的氧化物，這些腐蝕性物質中的強酸，更容易對引擎內部機件造成侵蝕；而燃燒所生成的水分，雖然大部分會隨廢氣排放被帶出，但還是會有少許水分殘留，也會損害引擎。所以機油中的添加劑便有防蝕、防銹及防凍的功用，以保護引擎不受傷害。
After a period of driving, the engine oil will more or less naturally generate corrosive oxides. The strong acid in these corrosive substances is more likely to cause erosion to the internal parts of the engine. Although most of the moisture generated by combustion will be carried out with the exhaust gas emission, there will still be a little residual water, which will also damage the engine. Therefore, the additives in the engine oil have the function of anti-corrosion, anti rust and anti freezing, so as to protect the engine from damage.