電動汽車涉水后出現漏電怎么辦？

來源：http://www.philiprobert.com發布時間：2021-03-05 16:49:31

電動車涉水后并沒有想象中那么危險，目前甚至還沒有一例電動車因涉水而引起漏電事故的報道。純電動汽車的電壓一般在400～500V以上，電動車泡在水里，很多車主擔心會有漏電危險，其實這種擔心是多余的，
Electric vehicle wading is not as dangerous as expected, and there is no report of electric leakage accident caused by electric vehicle wading. The voltage of pure electric vehicles is generally above 400-500v. When electric vehicles are soaked in water, many car owners worry about the risk of electric leakage. In fact, this kind of worry is superfluous,
電動汽車最容易漏電的當屬動力電池，其防水能力達到P67“侵入保護”級水平，即防塵達6級，防水為7級，和普通手機的防塵防水標準差不多，可保證在一定時間一定水壓下，純電動車不會因進水而損壞。電動汽車的電池要求密封安裝（圖2），萬一電池真的進水發生了漏電或短路，電動車內系統有多重漏電保護措施。首先電池管理BMS系統能及時切斷電路，保證不產生漏電事故。即使發生漏電的跡象，電動汽車內有接零保護線，能把漏出來的電導走，高壓電絕對不會對大地形成回路，故人體不會有觸電的風險。
The power battery is the most vulnerable to electric vehicle leakage, and its waterproof ability reaches p67 "intrusion protection" level, that is, dust prevention reaches level 6, and waterproof is level 7, which is similar to the dust prevention and waterproof standard of ordinary mobile phones. It can ensure that the pure electric vehicle will not be damaged by water in a certain period of time and under certain water pressure. The battery of electric vehicle is required to be sealed (Fig. 2). In case of leakage or short circuit of the battery, there are multiple leakage protection measures in the system of electric vehicle. First of all, battery management BMS system can cut off the circuit in time to ensure no leakage accident. Even if there are signs of leakage, there is a zero protection wire in the electric vehicle, which can take away the leakage conductivity. High voltage electricity will never form a circuit to the earth, so the human body will not have the risk of electric shock.
動力電池模塊中的單體電池，必須通過鹽分較高海水的浸泡試驗，應不爆炸不起火。因此遇到大雨或積水，電動汽車車主不必過分驚慌，電池、電機等零部件的防水性是經過了廠家檢驗的。車上的相關系統會實時檢測高壓系統的絕緣性和電池溫度等，如有任何異常，均會提前開啟保護，安全性是有保障的。電動汽車通?？蛇_到70cm的實際涉水高度，涉水能力甚至可以接近1m的高度。

The single battery in the power battery module must pass the immersion test of seawater with high salinity, and it should not explode or fire. Therefore, in case of heavy rain or ponding, the owners of electric vehicles need not panic excessively. The waterproof properties of batteries, motors and other parts have been inspected by the manufacturers. The relevant system on the car will detect the insulation and battery temperature of the high voltage system in real time. If there is any abnormality, the protection will be turned on in advance, and the safety is guaranteed. The actual wading height of electric vehicles is usually 70cm, and the wading capacity can even be close to 1m.
當然如果電動車浸水太深、時間過長，車上的電子設備如控制電腦、儀表盤、電動空調、音響和喇叭等，和傳統的燃油車沒差別，部分設備也可能會損壞。
Of course, if the electric vehicle is submerged too deeply and for a long time, the electronic equipment on the vehicle, such as control computer, instrument panel, electric air conditioner, audio and horn, is no different from the traditional fuel vehicle, and some equipment may be damaged.
既然電動車涉水漏電的可能性極小，還需要購買涉水險嗎？涉水險是車損險的附加險，其主要作用是賠付車輛的發動機。電動車有混電和純電兩種，混電車是帶發動機的，涉水險可賠償發動機。而純電動車沒有發動機，沒有進氣和排氣裝置，不必擔心積水倒灌的問題，甚至比燃油車的涉水能力更強，故建議純電車沒必要購買涉水險。
Since the possibility of electric vehicle wading leakage is very small, do you still need to buy wading insurance? Water related insurance is an additional insurance of vehicle damage insurance, whose main function is to compensate the engine of the vehicle. There are two kinds of electric vehicles: hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles are equipped with engines, which can be compensated for in case of water risks. However, pure electric vehicles have no engine, no air intake and exhaust devices, so there is no need to worry about the problem of water backflow, and even have stronger wading ability than fuel vehicles. Therefore, it is suggested that pure electric vehicles do not need to buy water insurance.
再順便談談雨天充電的問題，充電樁是按國家規范制造的，具有防雷保護、過載保護、短路保護和漏電保護等功能。充電槍與車輛充電口都經過了足夠的防水處理，雨天是可以正常充電的。當然一定要保持充電口干燥，絕對不要讓雨水流到充電口。注意充電完畢拔插頭時，特別是直流大電流充電時，切記先斷電后再拔出，以免發生危險的電弧傷人！每次充電前還應檢查充電槍口有沒有燒蝕的痕跡（圖3）。盡量避免露天空
By the way, we talk about the problem of charging in rainy days. The charging pile is manufactured according to the national standard, and has the functions of lightning protection, overload protection, short circuit protection and leakage protection. The charging gun and the charging port of the vehicle have undergone sufficient waterproof treatment, so it can be charged normally in rainy days. Of course, we must keep the charging port dry, never let the rain flow to the charging port. Pay attention to pull out the plug after charging, especially when charging with high DC current, remember to cut off the power first and then pull it out, so as to avoid dangerous arc injury! Before charging each time, check whether the charging gun muzzle has ablation marks (Fig. 3). Try to avoid exposure to the sky