汽車電氣系統的組成，你知道哪些？

來源：http://www.philiprobert.com發布時間：2021-07-17 11:43:00

隨著汽車工業的發展，人們對汽車的性能要求也越來越高，傳統的汽車電氣系統與機械系統已很難滿足日趨嚴格的關于汽車節能、排放與安全法規的要求。作為汽車必不可少的蓄電池、發電機、起動機、照明、信號、儀表、報警等傳統意義上的汽車電器也發生著巨大的變化，特別是電子控制技術在汽車工業中的廣泛應用，使得汽車電氣系統越來越復雜，并朝著電子化、集成化、智能化的方向發展。
With the development of automobile industry, people have higher and higher requirements for automobile performance. The traditional automobile electrical system and mechanical system are difficult to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of automobile energy saving, emission and safety regulations. As an indispensable part of automobile, battery, generator, starter, lighting, signal, instrument, alarm and other traditional automotive electrical appliances are also undergoing great changes, especially the wide application of electronic control technology in the automotive industry, which makes the automotive electrical system more and more complex, and develops towards the direction of electronic, integrated and intelligent.
汽車電氣設備按功能可分電源、啟動、點火、照明與信號、儀表與報警、電子控制裝置、輔助裝置等部分。
Automotive electrical equipment can be divided into power supply, start-up, ignition, lighting and signal, instrument and alarm, electronic control device, auxiliary device, etc.
1.電源系統
1. Power supply system
電源系統由蓄電池、發電機、調節器及工作狀況指示裝置【電流表、充電指示燈】等組成。其作用是向全車用電設備提供低壓直流電能。
The power supply system is composed of storage battery, generator, regulator and working condition indicating device [ammeter, charging indicator], etc. Its function is to provide low-voltage DC power to all vehicle electrical equipment.
2.起動系統
2. Starting system
起動系統由起動機、起動繼電器、起動開關及起動保護裝置組成。其作用是帶動飛輪旋轉，使曲軸達到必要的起動轉速
The starting system consists of starter, starting relay, starting switch and starting protection device. Its function is to drive the flywheel to rotate and make the crankshaft reach the necessary starting speed
3.點火系統
3. Ignition system
點火系統由點火線圈、分電器、電子點火器、火花塞、點火開關等組成。此外，采用由發動機控制單元進行點火控制時，可以不使用分電器。點火系統的作用是將低壓電變成為高壓電，適時可靠的點燃氣缸中的可燃混合氣。
The ignition system consists of ignition coil, distributor, electronic igniter, spark plug and ignition switch. In addition, when the engine control unit is used for ignition control, the distributor can not be used. The function of ignition system is to change low-voltage electricity into high-voltage electricity, timely and reliably ignite the combustible mixture in the cylinder.
4.照明與信號系統
4. Lighting and signal system
照明與信號系統由前照燈、霧燈、示廓燈、轉向燈、制動燈、倒車燈、電喇叭等及其控制繼電器和開關組成，照明系統的作用是確保車輛內外一定范圍內合適的照度；信號系統的作用是告示行人車輛引起注意，指示行駛趨向及操縱件的狀態。
The lighting and signal system is composed of headlamp, fog lamp, position lamp, turn signal lamp, brake lamp, reversing lamp, electric horn, etc. and their control relays and switches. The function of the lighting system is to ensure the appropriate illumination within a certain range inside and outside the vehicle; The function of the signal system is to inform the pedestrians and vehicles to draw attention, indicate the driving trend and the status of the control.

                                           
5.儀表與報警系統
5. Instrument and alarm system
儀表和報警系統由儀表、傳感器、各種報警指示燈及控制器組成，其作用是顯示汽車運行參數及交通信息，報警運行性機械故障，以確保行駛和停車的安全性、可靠性。
The instrument and alarm system is composed of instruments, sensors, various alarm indicator lights and controllers. Its function is to display the vehicle operation parameters and traffic information, and alarm the operational mechanical failure, so as to ensure the safety and reliability of driving and parking.
6.電子控制裝置
6. Electronic control device
電子控制裝置由電控燃油噴射系統、自動變速箱、制動防抱死系統、恒速控制及懸架平衡控制等組成。
The electronic control device consists of electronic fuel injection system, automatic transmission, anti lock braking system, constant speed control and suspension balance control.
7.輔助裝置
7. Auxiliary device
輔助裝置由為提高車輛安全性、舒適性、經濟性等各種功能的電器裝置組成。輔助裝置因車型不同而有所差異，一般包括風窗刮水/清洗裝置、風窗除霜/防霧裝置、起動預熱裝置、音響裝置、車窗電動升降裝置、電動座椅調節裝置及中央電控門鎖等裝置。
The auxiliary device is composed of electrical devices with various functions such as improving vehicle safety, comfort and economy. Auxiliary devices vary with different models, generally including windshield wiper / cleaning device, windshield defroster / antifogging device, starting preheating device, audio device, window electric lifting device, electric seat adjusting device, central electric door lock and other devices.